Abstract High entropy alloy is a multi-component alloy material with equal or near atomic number, which has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In this paper, AlxFeCoCrNiMn (x = 0,0.5,1.0,1.5) high entropy alloy cladding layer was prepared by laser cladding on Q345 steel plate. The phase structure, microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the cladding layer were studied. The results show that the cladding layer of AlxFeCoCrNiMn alloy has good metallurgical bonding ability with Q345 steel. The cladding area is mainly columnar and equiaxed. The cladding layer of AlxFeCoCrNiMn alloy is mainly composed of BCC + FCC solid solution phase, which is caused by the addition of Al element under the high entropy effect. Al element promotes the formation of BCC phase structure. With the increase of Al element, the hardness of cladding layer increases. The hardness of A1.0 cladding layer is 670HV, which is close to three times of Q345 steel. When Al (x = 1.0), the hardness of the cladding layer is the highest, and it also shows better wear resistance with lower friction and wear loss.

ABSTRACT The salt stress affects plant growth and physiological characteristics during early growth stages in rice (Oryza sativa L.) The objective of this study was to examine the influence of salt stress on rice growth during early stages and to find out their salt tolerance levels. A pot culture experiment was conducted in rice cropping season 2016, with completely randomized design (CRD) and three replicates. The treatments were two rice cultivars, 'Liangyoupeijiu' (LYP9) and 'Nipponbare' (NPBA) with four salt stress levels 0 (control, CK), 1.5 (low salt stress, LS), 4.5 (medium salt stress, MS), and 7.5 g (heavy salt stress, HS) NaCl kg-1 soil at different growth stages with six seedlings per pot. About 15 parameters were recorded and most of the treatments were significantly different (P < 0.05) from each other. The results showed that salt stress reduced seed emergence characteristics of the rice. It also decreased photosynthetic parameters, growth characteristics including DM, and seedling height reduction increased at early seedling and maximum tillering stage in both rice cultivars but this disaster is less in 'LYP9' than 'NPBA'. On the basis of DM reduction, 'LYP9' was categorized as moderately susceptible (MS) and susceptible (S) at HS during early growth stage, and 'NPBA' was categorized as sensitive to the HS stress level. The result suggested that 'LYP9' showed somehow resistance under salt stress than 'NPBA'. This study will help us to provide new ideas for improving the high yielding rice cultivar (LYP9) to salt tolerance by genetic modification and cultivation techniques.

A cristalização da zeolita X com baixo teor de sílica (LSX) foi estudada em sistemas gelatinosos de Na-K, com diferentes graus de substituição do Na por K, enquanto fixou-se o conteúdo dos outros componentes. Difração de raios-X, espectroscopia de emissão atômica por plasma acoplado indutivamente, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia no infravermelho, e ressonância magnética nuclear foram usados para caracterizar as fases líquida e sólida. Na síntese do LSX, a relação molar de K/(Na+K) afetou a cristalização e a composição dos produtos finais. Uma maior fração molar do K correspondeu a uma menor taxa de cristalização, maior concentração de Si na fase líquida, e menor relação Si/Al do produto LSX obtido. O tamanho médio do LSX aumentou de forma constante com a substituição progressiva do Na por K nos géis originais, e a morfologia cristalina do LSX mudou gradualmente de volta para octaédrica. Na alquilação de tolueno com metanol sobre LSX, houve a diminuição da selectividade da alquilação do anel do produto xileno, enquanto que a alquilação na cadeia lateral dos produtos etilbenzeno e estireno aumentou com o aumento dos valores x exceto x = 0, devido à sua baixa cristalinidade.

The crystallization of low-silica X zeolite (LSX) was studied in Na-K gel systems with different extents of replacement of Na by K while fixed content of other components. X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to characterize liquid and solid phase. In the synthesis of LSX, the molar ratio of K/(Na+K) affects the crystallization and the composition of final products. A higher mole fraction of K corresponded to a lower crystallization rate, higher concentration of Si in the liquid phase, and lower Si/Al ratio of the obtained LSX. The average size of LSX products steadily increased with the progressive replacement of Na by K in the initial gels, and crystal morphology of the LSX products gradually changed from round to octahedral. For alkylation of toluene with methanol over obtained LSX, the selectivity of ring alkylation product xylene decreased while the side chain alkylation products styrene and ethylbenzene increased with the increased x values except x = 0, which was due to its low crystallinity.

Uma nova plataforma de sensoriamento eletroquímico foi fabricada com nanohíbrido consistindo de óxido de grafeno e hidróxido de ferro coloidal. Devido à elevada área superficial e à excelente condutividade elétrica do nanohíbrido, o sensor eletroquímico preparado exibiu atividade eletrocatalítica proeminente na oxidação do floroglucinol, resultando no aumento da corrente do pico de oxidação e redução do sobrepotencial de oxidação. O nanohíbrido foi utilizado como uma plataforma aprimorada de detecção eletroquímica para a determinação sensível do floroglucinol. O mecanismo de oxidação do floroglucinol nesta plataforma de detecção foi investigada em detalhes, as condições de determinação foram otimizadas, e os parâmetros cinéticos também foram calculados. Sob condições otimizadas, a corrente de pico de oxidação foi proporcional à concentração do floroglucinol no intervalo de 5,00-100,00 nmol L-1, com limites de detecção e de quantificação de 3,45 e 11,51 nmol L-1, respectivamente. A plataforma de detecção exibiu estabilidade em longo prazo, alta reprodutibilidade e alta capacidade de anti-interferência. A plataforma foi empregada para detectar floroglucinol em amostras ambientais de água com boas recuperações. O excelente desempenho, a simplicidade de operação e o baixo custo tornam o híbrido baseado no grafeno atraente na construção de um sensor.

A novel electrochemical sensing platform was fabricated with nanohybrid consisting of graphene oxide and iron hydroxide colloid. With high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity of the nanohybrid, the prepared electrochemical sensor exhibited preeminent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of phloroglucinol, resulting in the increase of the oxidation peak current and decrease of the oxidation overpotential. The nanohybrid was used as an enhanced electrochemical sensing platform for sensitive determination of phloroglucinol. The oxidation mechanism of phloroglucinol at this sensing platform was investigated in detail, the determination conditions were optimized, and the kinetic parameters were also calculated. Under the optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current was proportional to phloroglucinol concentration in the range from 5.00 to 100.00 nmol L-1 with limits of detection and of quantification of 3.45 and 11.51 nmol L-1, respectively. This sensing platform displayed long-term stability, high reproducibility and super anti-interference capability. It was employed to detect phloroglucinol in environmental water samples with good recoveries. The excellent performance, operational simplicity and low expense make the graphene-based hybrid attractive in the sensor construction.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the Chinese-language literature on acupuncture-related adverse events. METHODS: We searched three Chinese databases (the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, 1980-2009; the Chinese Journal Full-Text Database, 1980-2009; and the Weipu Journal Database, 1989-2009) to identify Chinese-language articles about the safety of traditional needle acupuncture. Case reports, case series, surveys and other observational studies were included if they reported factual data, but review articles, translations and clinical trials were excluded. FINDINGS: The inclusion criteria were met by 115 articles (98 case reports and 17 case series) that in total reported on 479 cases of adverse events after acupuncture. Fourteen patients died. Acupuncture-related adverse events were classified into three categories: traumatic, infectious and "other". The most frequent adverse events were pneumothorax, fainting, subarachnoid haemorrhage and infection, while the most serious ones were cardiovascular injuries, subarachnoid haemorrhage, pneumothorax and recurrent cerebral haemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Many acupuncture-related adverse events, most of them owing to improper technique, have been described in the published Chinese literature. Efforts should be made to find effective ways of monitoring and minimizing the risks related to acupuncture.

OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía en chino sobre los acontecimientos adversos relacionados con la acupuntura. MÉTODOS: Se realizaron búsquedas en tres bases de datos chinas (Biomedical Literature Database, 1980-2009; Chinese Journal Full-Text Database, 1980-2009 y Weipu Journal Database, 1989-2009) con el fin de identificar los artículos en lengua china sobre la seguridad de la acupuntura tradicional con agujas. Se incluyeron casos clínicos, series de casos, encuestas y otros estudios de observación que presentaran datos documentados, pero se excluyeron los artículos de revisión, las traducciones y los ensayos clínicos. RESULTADOS: Los criterios de inclusión se cumplieron en 115 artículos (98 casos clínicos y 17 series de casos) que, en total, informaron sobre 479 casos de efectos adversos tras la acupuntura. Catorce pacientes fallecieron. Los acontecimientos adversos relacionados con la acupuntura fueron clasificaron en tres categorías: traumáticos, infecciosos y «otros». Los acontecimientos adversos más frecuentes fueron: neumotórax, desmayo, hemorragia subaracnoidea e infección; mientras que los más graves fueron: lesiones cardiovasculares, hemorragia subaracnoidea, neumotórax y hemorragia cerebral recurrente. CONCLUSIÓN: En la bibliografía china publicada se han descrito muchas reacciones adversas relacionadas con la acupuntura, debidas en su mayor parte a una técnica inadecuada. Debemos esforzarnos para encontrar formas eficaces de controlar y reducir al mínimo los riesgos relacionados con la acupuntura.

OBJECTIF: Évaluer systématiquement la documentation en langue chinoise sur les événements indésirables liés à l'acupuncture. MÉTHODES: Nous avons fait des recherches dans trois bases de données chinoises (la base de données sur la documentation biomédicale chinoise, 1980-2009, la base de données en texte intégral du Journal chinois, 1980-2009 et la base de données de la revue Weipu, 1989-2009) afin d'identifier les articles en langue chinoise qui abordent le thème de la sécurité de l'acupuncture traditionnelle pratiquée avec des aiguilles. Les observations, les séries de cas, les enquêtes et d'autres études d'observation ont été prises en compte lorsqu'elles rapportaient des données factuelles, mais les articles, les traductions et les essais cliniques ont été exclus. RÉSULTATS: Les critères d'inclusion concernaient 115 articles (98 observations et 17 séries de cas) qui signalaient au total 479 cas d'événements indésirables après acupuncture. Quatorze patients étaient décédés. Les événements indésirables liés à l'acupuncture étaient classés en trois catégories : traumatiques, infectieux et «autres». Les événements indésirables les plus fréquents étaient le pneumothorax, l'évanouissement, l'hémorragie méningée et l'infection, les plus graves étant les lésions cardiovasculaires, l'hémorragie méningée, le pneumothorax et l'hémorragie cérébrale récurrente. CONCLUSION: De nombreux événements indésirables liés à l'acupuncture, dont la majorité était due à une technique incorrecte, ont été décrits dans la documentation chinoise publiée. Des efforts sont indispensables afin de trouver des moyens efficaces de contrôler et de réduire les risques liés à l'acupuncture.